| 1 |
Botulinum Toxin Injections |
Neuromodulator |
Temporarily reduces dynamic facial lines, muscle spasms, excessive sweating, chronic migraine symptoms, and some muscle overactivity disorders. |
Blocks the release of acetylcholine at targeted nerve endings, temporarily reducing muscle contraction or gland activity. |
Some effects may appear within 2 to 7 days, with maximum effect often developing within about 2 weeks. Cosmetic effects commonly last about 3 to 4 months, depending on the treatment area and dose. |
Temporary tenderness, bruising, headache, localized weakness, eyelid or brow drooping, and asymmetry. Rarely, swallowing or breathing problems can occur when toxin spreads beyond the treatment area. |
Avoid rubbing or massaging treated areas for the period advised by the clinician. Follow activity and positioning instructions, and contact the provider promptly if difficulty swallowing, speaking, or breathing develops. |
Requires precise placement and dose selection. It should be administered by a qualified licensed clinician using an approved product and indication. |
| 2 |
Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers |
Soft-tissue filler |
Restores or adds volume to areas such as the lips, cheeks, temples, chin, and nasolabial folds, and may improve selected facial contours. |
Injectable hyaluronic acid attracts and retains water, providing volume and structural support in the soft tissue. |
Results are usually visible immediately, although swelling can temporarily obscure the final result. Duration commonly ranges from about 6 to 18 months, depending on the product, location, and metabolism. |
Swelling, bruising, tenderness, lumps, infection, delayed inflammatory reactions, and asymmetry. Rare but serious vascular occlusion may cause skin injury, vision loss, or other tissue damage. |
Use only clinician-approved cleansing and activity instructions. Avoid unnecessary pressure or manipulation. Seek urgent medical assessment for severe pain, pale or mottled skin, vision changes, or unusual discoloration. |
Some hyaluronic acid fillers can be treated with hyaluronidase, but correction is not guaranteed and urgent complications require immediate evaluation. |
| 3 |
Calcium Hydroxylapatite Fillers |
Biostimulatory soft-tissue filler |
Improves volume loss, facial contour, and selected wrinkles; diluted formulations may be used to improve the appearance and texture of certain areas. |
Provides immediate structural support and may stimulate collagen production as the carrier gel is gradually absorbed. |
Some correction is immediate, with continued improvement possible over several weeks. Results often last about 12 to 18 months, depending on the treatment site and formulation. |
Temporary swelling, bruising, firmness, nodules, infection, asymmetry, and inflammatory reactions. Rare vascular injection can cause tissue injury or visual complications. |
Follow individualized instructions regarding pressure, massage, exercise, heat, and skin products. Report increasing pain, skin blanching, mottling, or vision symptoms immediately. |
It is not generally considered reversible in the same way as hyaluronic acid filler. Product choice and injection depth are important for safety. |
| 4 |
Poly-L-Lactic Acid Injections |
Collagen-stimulating injectable |
Gradually improves facial volume loss and selected contour changes associated with reduced collagen production. |
Stimulates the body to produce collagen rather than providing all volume immediately through a gel. |
Improvement develops gradually over several weeks to months and may require multiple sessions. Results can persist for approximately 18 to 24 months in some patients. |
Swelling, bruising, tenderness, temporary firmness, and delayed nodules or lumps. Infection and inflammatory reactions are uncommon but possible. |
Follow the clinician's massage or skin-care instructions when prescribed. Avoid injecting into irritated or infected skin and attend recommended follow-up visits. |
Results are gradual and depend on treatment planning. It is not intended for immediate correction and is not readily dissolved after injection. |
| 5 |
Deoxycholic Acid Injections |
Submental fat treatment |
Reduces moderate to severe fat beneath the chin in appropriately selected adults. |
Breaks down the membranes of fat cells in the treated area; the body then clears cellular debris over time. |
Visible reduction develops over several weeks. Multiple treatment sessions may be needed, with sessions commonly spaced at least several weeks apart. |
Swelling, bruising, pain, numbness, redness, firmness, and temporary difficulty swallowing. Incorrect placement can cause unevenness or nerve-related weakness. |
Use cold compresses if recommended, keep the area clean, and avoid strenuous activity or pressure according to clinical instructions. Contact the provider for worsening pain, infection signs, or persistent facial weakness. |
Best suited to localized submental fat with adequate skin elasticity. It does not treat loose skin or replace weight management. |
| 6 |
Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections |
Autologous biologic treatment |
Used in selected musculoskeletal conditions and some hair or skin procedures; evidence and effectiveness vary substantially by condition. |
A concentrated preparation of the patient's own blood components is injected to support a local healing response. |
Benefits, when they occur, may develop over weeks to months. The number of sessions and duration of effect depend on the condition and protocol. |
Temporary pain, swelling, bruising, stiffness, bleeding, infection, or nerve irritation. Because the material is autologous, allergic reactions are uncommon. |
Follow the condition-specific rehabilitation plan. Avoid unapproved anti-inflammatory medicines or strenuous activity only when specifically instructed by the treating clinician. |
Preparation methods are not standardized, and clinical evidence is mixed. It should not be presented as a guaranteed or universal treatment. |
| 7 |
Corticosteroid Injections |
Anti-inflammatory injection |
May reduce inflammation and pain in selected joints, bursae, tendons, skin conditions, and other localized inflammatory disorders. |
Suppresses local inflammatory and immune activity, reducing swelling and pain. |
Pain relief may begin within a few days, although timing varies. Relief may last from several weeks to several months, depending on the condition and injection site. |
Temporary pain flare, skin or fat thinning, pigment changes, infection, elevated blood glucose, tendon weakening, cartilage concerns with repeated joint injections, and other systemic effects. |
Rest the treated area as directed, monitor people with diabetes for glucose changes when advised, and report fever, increasing redness, severe pain, or loss of function. |
Frequency should be limited by the clinician. Steroid injections may be unsuitable or require special precautions with infection, diabetes, immune suppression, or certain tendon problems. |
| 8 |
Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid Injections |
Joint injection |
May provide symptom relief for selected people with osteoarthritis, particularly in the knee, although response varies and benefits are not guaranteed. |
Introduces hyaluronic acid into the joint to supplement lubrication and may influence local pain and inflammation pathways. |
Improvement may take several days to weeks. Relief can last for several months in responders, but duration varies widely. |
Injection-site pain, swelling, stiffness, bleeding, allergic reaction, and infection. A temporary inflammatory reaction may occur in some patients. |
Limit strenuous activity for the period recommended by the clinician. Keep the injection site clean and seek urgent care for fever, marked swelling, or worsening joint pain. |
It does not reverse osteoarthritis or rebuild severely damaged cartilage. Diagnosis, exercise, weight management, and other treatments remain important. |
| 9 |
Vaccinations |
Preventive immunization |
Prevents or reduces the severity of infectious diseases by preparing the immune system to recognize specific pathogens. |
Introduces an antigen or genetic instruction that trains immune defenses without causing the targeted disease in the usual manner. |
Protection develops over days to weeks and may require more than one dose or periodic boosters, depending on the vaccine and individual factors. |
Soreness, redness, fatigue, fever, headache, and muscle aches. Severe allergic reactions are rare but require immediate emergency treatment. |
Remain under observation when required, use routine comfort measures if appropriate, and follow the recommended schedule for additional doses. |
Vaccination decisions depend on age, health history, pregnancy status, prior doses, allergies, travel, and current public-health recommendations. |
| 10 |
Insulin and Other Injectable Glucose-Lowering Medicines |
Metabolic medication |
Manages diabetes and, for certain prescribed medicines, may support blood-glucose control and weight management in eligible patients. |
Insulin replaces or supplements the body's insulin. Other injectable medicines may increase glucose-dependent insulin activity, reduce appetite, or slow stomach emptying, depending on the medicine. |
Onset and duration range from minutes to more than a day, depending on the medicine. Treatment is usually ongoing and requires regular monitoring. |
Low blood glucose, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, injection-site reactions, weight changes, and medication-specific complications. Severe hypoglycemia can be life-threatening. |
Use the prescribed dose and schedule, rotate injection sites, monitor glucose as instructed, store medication correctly, and maintain access to an appropriate hypoglycemia treatment plan. |
These medicines require individualized prescribing, education, and follow-up. Doses should not be changed without medical guidance, especially during illness, pregnancy, or major changes in food intake or activity. |
